• br Materials and methods br Acknowledgments br Introduction

  2018-10-22

  

  Materials and methods Acknowledgments Introduction X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the mechanism by which dosage compensation of the sex chromosome is achieved in mammals (Leeb and Wutz, 2010). This mechanism is controlled by the noncoding RNA Xist which is expressed from the inactive X

• Introduction Human embryonic stem cells hESC were first

  2018-10-22

  

  Introduction Human embryonic stem order 4EGI-1 (hESC) were first derived in 1998 (Thomson et al., 1998) and in the short period since are beginning to realise their potential as a reproducible source of cells for clinical applications. In July this year, the United States Food and Drug Administrat

• We hypothesized that specific epigenetic

  2018-10-22

  

  We hypothesized that specific epigenetic determinants on the level of DNA methylation and histone modifications might underlie the remarkable differentiation potential of USSC. Indeed, the present work reveals an unexpected epigenetic heterogeneity with respect to the DNA methylation patterns coveri

• However when we started this work the

  2018-10-22

  

  However, when we started this work, the data from the zebrafish and mouse studies had just been released, and a strategy to induce hematopoiesis in a stem cell population that could be obtained in very large numbers in the autologous setting seemed feasible, and with potentially huge implications in

• It is not known exactly when

  2018-10-22

  

  It is not known exactly when the improvements start after MSC transplantation. We found no differences in the striatal neurodegeneration of transplanted and non-transplanted lesioned rats 24h after the transplantation procedure. Thus, a gap might be necessary between cell transplantation and detecta

• The ability to generate human vascular endothelium from iPSC

  2018-10-22

  

  The ability to generate human vascular endothelium from iPSCs is an enabling platform. Cell-based assays of endothelial function can be combined with ECs derived from iPSC lines produced from patients with genetic diseases, creating powerful model systems of human disease or associations where the p

• Modulation of GASZ by ectopic overexpression

  2018-10-22

  

  Modulation of GASZ by ectopic overexpression or by RNA interference in ESCs affected several key germ cell markers, such as Oct4, Dazl, Mvh, Miwi, and Mili, which may in turn contribute to the altered PGC or EGC derivation from differentiated EBs. Since GASZ is localized in the intermitochondria cem

• BMSCs interfere with DC differentiation maturation and

  2018-10-22

  

  BMSCs interfere with DC differentiation, maturation and function. IL-6 was initially thought as the main effector in the inhibition of DC differentiation by BMSCs. Djouda et al. reported that murine MSCs secreted high level of IL-6, which down-regulates the expression of MHC II, CD40, and CD86 on ma

• An approach that has shown promise

  2018-10-22

  

  An approach that has shown promise for answering these types of questions in other stem cell systems, and is becoming increasingly feasible with advanced computing power and improved tracking algorithms, is long-term in vitro imaging of individual stem and progenitor cells (Schroeder, 2011). Long-te

• br Acknowledgments We thank Anke Leinhaas

  2018-10-20

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Anke Leinhaas and Conny Thielen for excellent technical support. We thank the members of the histology laboratory of the Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, for technical assistance with EB and teratoma staining and members of the Stem Cell Engineering Group

• Nucleofection is a method to introduce plasmid DNA

  2018-10-20

  

  Nucleofection is a method to introduce plasmid DNA into ESC with significantly greater efficiency than electroporation or virus-mediated (lentivirus, retrovirus) delivery (Lakshmipathy et al., 2004; Aslan et al., 2006; Aluigi et al., 2006). Nucleofection achieved ~60% transient expression efficiency

• Before the Hippo pathway was delineated in Drosophila severa

  2018-10-20

  

  Before the Hippo pathway was delineated in Drosophila, several crucial components of the pathway had already been cloned in mammals (Tapon et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 1991; Sudol, 1994; Creasy and Chernoff, 1995; Tao et al., 1999). The functions of these crucial Hippo pathway components have been wel

• To determine a profile of gene activation within the hearts

  2018-10-20

  

  To determine a profile of gene activation within the hearts of AMI rats following EXnaEFC administration, we performed a comprehensive PCR analysis of cardiac tissue seven days post-infarct and treatment. We reveal that the rats receiving EXnaEFCs exhibited rescued gene expression of Tnf, Sdf1 and C

• Even though substrate stiffness and tethering is mostly

  2018-10-20

  

  Even though substrate stiffness and tethering is mostly known to affect focal adhesions (Trappmann et al., 2012; Wen et al., 2014; Levental et al., 2009), increasing evidence suggests that it may also affect cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion (Smutny and Yap, 2010; Ladoux et al., 2010). Substr

• Since the analysis of a complete motor unit is essential

  2018-10-20

  

  Since the analysis of a complete motor unit is essential for the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of motoneuron diseases (Moloney et al., 2014), or conditions involving the NMJ, we established an in vitro model of motor units. To that end, we cultivated hiPSC cell lines from healthy co

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